In April 1945, as World War II drew to a close, representatives of 50 war-weary countries gathered in San Francisco, California, for the United Nations Conference on International Organization. For two months, the group worked to draft and sign the Charter of the United Nations to create the United Nations, an international organization that everyone hoped would help prevent another world war. The Charter was ratified by China, France, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, the United States and other nations, and the UN was officially launched on October 24, 1945. In 1914, a political assassination attempt in Sarajevo triggered a series of events that led to the outbreak of World War I. As more and more young men were sent into the trenches, influential voices in Britain and the United States began to call for the creation of a permanent international body to maintain peace in the post-war world. President Woodrow Wilson became a strong advocate of this concept, and in 1918 he included a sketch of the international body in his Fourteen Points on the End of the War. In November 1918, the Central Powers agreed to an armistice to end the massacres during World War I. Two months later, the Allies met to work out formal peace terms at the Paris Peace Conference. The League of Nations was approved, and in the summer of 1919 Wilson submitted the Treaty of Versailles and the Pact of Nations to the United States Senate, which refused to approve ratification. 10. The League of Nations was formally established in January 1920 when the League of Nations Compact, ratified by 42 nations in 1919, came into force. [11] Although the United States never joined the Society, the country supported its economic and social missions through the work of private philanthropists and by sending representatives to committees.
The Economic and Social Council assists the General Assembly in promoting international economic and social cooperation and development. The Economic and Social Council has 54 members elected by the General Assembly for a three-year term. The President is elected for a one-year term and is elected from among the small and medium-sized Powers represented on the Economic and Social Council. The Council holds an annual meeting in July, held either in New York or Geneva. Considered separate from the specialized bodies it coordinates, ECOSOC`s tasks include gathering information, advising member countries and making recommendations. [117] [118] Because of its broad mandate to coordinate many agencies, ECOSOC has sometimes been criticized as vague or irrelevant. [117] [119] His accounts are largely those of battles and sieges, of the valiant adventure of discovery and the furious slaughter of nations. The General Assembly is the principal consultative assembly of the United Nations. The Assembly, which is composed of all UN member states, meets regularly on an annual basis, but emergency meetings can also be convened. [97] The Assembly is chaired by a President elected from among the Member States on a rotating regional basis and 21 Vice-Presidents.
[98] The first meeting took place on September 10. It was held in January 1946 at the Methodist Central Hall in London and included representatives from 51 nations. [35] Along with the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement, the United Nations often plays a leading role in coordinating emergency relief. [178] Established in 1961, the World Food Programme (WFP) provides food aid in response to famine, natural disasters, and armed conflict. The organization reports that it feeds an average of 90 million people in 80 countries each year. [178] [179] Established in 1950, the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) is committed to protecting the rights of refugees, asylum seekers, and stateless persons. [180] UNHCR and WFP programs are funded by voluntary contributions from governments, businesses, and individuals, although UNHCR`s administrative costs are funded from the primary budget of the United Nations. [181] There are 193 members of the UN, all sovereign nations.
A special category allows so-called observer States to attend sessions of the General Assembly, but they cannot vote. The two observer States are the Holy See and Palestine. The Holy See, headed by the Pope, was granted permanent observer status in 1964. Palestine formally applied to join the United Nations in 2011, but the UN Security Council did not vote on the request. In 2012, the State of Palestine was officially recognized as a non-member state. Some other States, including Kosovo, the Republic of China or Taiwan, are not members because they are not recognized by all Members of the United Nations. In a statement, sometimes misquoted, President George W. said representatives of 26 allied countries met on September 1. He died in Washington, D.C., in January 1942 to sign the United Nations Declaration, which essentially described the war objectives of the Allied powers. The United States, Britain and the Soviet Union conducted the indictment. The United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental organization that aims to maintain international peace and security, develop friendly relations among nations, achieve international cooperation and be a centre for harmonizing the actions of nations. [2] It is the largest, best-known, most internationally represented and most powerful intergovernmental organization in the world.
[3] The UN has its international headquarters in New York, with other headquarters in Geneva, Nairobi, Vienna and The Hague. After some successes and failures in the 1920s, the league proved ineffective in the 1930s. He took no action against the Japanese invasion of Manchuria as in February 1933. Forty nations voted for Japan to withdraw from Manchuria, but Japan voted against it and left the League instead of withdrawing from Manchuria. He also failed against the Second Italo-Ethiopian War, although he tried to talk to Benito Mussolini, but he used the time to send an army to Africa.[12] The League had a plan for Mussolini to take only part of Ethiopia, but he ignored the League and invaded Ethiopia. The League tried to impose sanctions on Italy, but Italy had already conquered Ethiopia and the League had failed. [13] After the conquest of Ethiopia by Italy, Italy and other nations left the League. But everyone realized that it had failed and they started rearming as soon as possible. Jacques Fomerand notes that the most persistent division in the UN`s views is the “North-South divide” between the wealthiest Nordic nations and the developing southern nations.