The main objective of the study was to know the quality assurance system of higher education in Pakistan. The historical perspective of the Pakistani education system was examined. Primary and secondary data were collected by the Pakistani government`s ministries of education. Interviews were conducted with education experts to obtain their opinion on the quality of educational status in Pakistan. The document was prepared on the basis of these data. The paper described the organizational structure of the quality assurance system in higher education in Pakistan. The study shows that the quality assurance model developed by the Higher Education Commission can be applied in the higher education sector in Pakistan. There is a shortage of qualified quality assurance personnel for the implementation of the quality assurance system in the higher education sector in Pakistan. The data showed that many public and private sector universities have missions, goals and objectives, as well as quality assurance guidelines for implementing a quality assurance system at their institutions. There is evidence that there is a gap between the internal and external quality assurance system in Pakistan, which can be bridged through the introduction of internal quality assurance practices in ranking criteria, regular peer reviews and external academic audits for all public and private higher education institutions in Pakistan. In order to raise awareness of quality assurance in higher education, workshops and training programmes should be organized by higher education institutions in Pakistan. In order to introduce new market-oriented courses and programmes, there should be a close link between Pakistani industries and universities.
Keyword: Quality assurance in higher education, Education systems, Academic audit, Higher education in Pakistan. Legal education is seen as the backbone of training lawyers who can ultimately render their services to society. The legal profession as a career choice attracts more and more people over the years. Legal education is crucial for citizens living in a country. The people of Pakistan urgently need legal education in schools, colleges, offices, universities and workplaces. The accreditation of academic programs with the respective councils has become an important objective of higher education institutions. The Higher Education Commission established the National Accreditation Council for Teacher Education (NACTE) to direct, evaluate, review and monitor the academic programs of degree-granting institutions (DAIs) and their affiliated colleges that offer educational programs. It has become difficult for each IMS to align academic standards with the standards of the respective program`s National Accrediting Councils by conducting a self-scientific review prior to the Council`s actual visit. Research is now focusing on the benefits of scientific self-verification, further strengthening the accreditation process with national councils.
The study aims to explore the usefulness of these assessments to highlight their importance and highlight the self-assessment mechanism for successful accreditation. A qualitative case study research method is applied in this study by conducting 12 in-depth interviews by qualified professionals, academic staff, administration, students and officials involved in the accreditation process. Relevant analytical techniques to validate various topics generated from transcribed data. Coding nodes, word trees, word tag clouds, and tree maps were generated. Respondents` perspectives were analyzed to determine the impact and benefits of scientific self-assessment of the selected university`s academic programs. The study provides the results of the thematic analysis of the transcribed interviews. The characteristics of self-assessment, its benefits and the challenges faced by quality managers will also be discovered in the final part and discussion of the study. The study provides future directions for possible research approaches. The law is a system of rules applied by social or state institutions to regulate behavior. Law shapes politics, business, history and society in many ways and mediates relationships between people. The scope of the law can be divided into 2 areas. Public law concerns the State and society, including constitutional, administrative and criminal law.
On the other hand, private law deals with disputes between individuals and/or organizations in areas such as contracts, property, tort and commercial law. This difference is greater in civil law countries, particularly in countries with a separate system of administrative tribunals. On the other hand, private law deals with disputes between individuals and/or organizations in areas such as contracts, property, tort and commercial law. This difference is greater in civil law countries, particularly in countries with a separate system of administrative tribunals. Until now, legal education in State legal institutions has been underfunded and ignored; while private law schools have focused more on maximizing profits than on quality legal education. The legal sector is the backbone of any sovereign state and the role of lawyers in a society attracts particular attention.